Undernutrition remains a persistent public health challenge, disproportionately affecting marginalized tribal communities, where structural vulnerabilities exacerbate childhood undernutrition. This research examined the prevalence of undernutrition among the Korku tribe living in the Melghat Tiger Reserve of Amravati district, Maharashtra, India. The cross-sectional study is based on 250 children aged between 1 and 5 years. Anthropometric measurements were taken to estimate the prevalence of underweight, stunting, wasting, and Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). CIAF is a combined measure of underweight, stunting, and wasting, which provides a comprehensive measure of undernutrition or anthropometric failure. We observed that half of the Korku children showed anthropometric failure, around 30%, 40%, and 8 % were underweight, stunted, and wasted, respectively. These results underscore the critical need for targeted interventions and policy initiatives aimed at addressing the nutritional challenges faced by the Korku children. Future studies are required among similar such tribal communities, emphasizing the paramount importance of evidence-based strategies to foster health and well-being of children in health resource-limited environments.