Social identity is primarily explained in terms of the idea of self-consciousness and belongingness of the members in a group. The present study aims to understand the change of tribal identity through selected case studies in West Bengal. The data were collected during field work in different parts of West Bengal from 2015 to 2023. Various traditional anthropological methods like observation, interviews and group discussions were used in data collection. The study covered identity related issues associated with the Scheduled Tribes (STs), namely, the Mahli, Mahali, Parhaiya, Mru, Rabha, Savar and Lodha. It may be mentioned that apart from the Scheduled Tribe, there are other terminologies in use to identify various tribal groups like PVTG, Nomadic and Semi- nomadic tribes, De-notified communities. The problem of identity starts from such terminological juxtaposition. There is no denying the fact that tribal identity in India in its diverse manifestations is the product of colonial rule. Through ages the so-called tribes have experienced loss of identity, change and mixing of identity as a result of interplay of various factors. As per rational choice theory of ethnicity, identity is often attributed to the prevailing socio-political situation and choice of individuals. Tribal people also exercise their choice in selecting an identity suitable for deriving socio-economic benefits. Sometimes identity is changed due to institutional apathy, more as a reaction to it. The cross section of case studies included here revel the present state of tribal identity in West Bengal. Deviance from the normative cultural behaviour and acceptance of a new set of traits lead to the formation of new group identities in specific cases. This is an ongoing process of change triggered by the continuous interaction with increasing out-group presence, giving rise to instrumental needs which result in formation of a new ethnic identity.